Student Safety >> School Policing
School Policing Trends
Current debates and concerns about the growing role of law enforcement in k-12 schools
Impact of School Policing
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Policing and Racial Injustice: A Disability Rights Perspective - Impacts and Solutions, Disability Rights Ohio, November 2020
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Research on the Impact of School Policing, text and PDF, ACLU of PA, July 31, 2020
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Research to Consider as Schools Address Community Demands to Renegotiate School-Police Partnerships, ChildTrends, June 29, 2020
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Why and When Do School Resource Officers Engage in School Discipline, American Journal of Education Forum, October 23, 2019
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How Do School Resource Officers Impact Racial Equity in the Nation's Schools: A Review of Research & Scholarship, Citizens for Juvenile Justice and Strategies for Youth, December 2020
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The Good-Guy Image Police Present to Students Often Clashes with Students’ Reality, The Conversation, June 5, 2020
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Do School Resource Officers Prevent School Shootings?, WFPL, August 16, 2019
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From the School Yard to the Squad Car: School Discipline, Truancy, and Arrest, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, July 2014
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Handcuffed in Denver in the Fifth Grade: 'Whenever I Shut My Eye, I Saw the Cuffs Chalkbeat, May 30, 2019
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A Former School-Based Police Officer Was Charged With Negligence in Connection With the Parkland Massacre. Experts Call the Move Extremely Rare. But What Are the Broader Implications for School Safety?, The 74 Million, June 5, 2019
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Study: There’s No Evidence That Hardening Schools to Make Kids Safer from Gun Violence Actually Works, Washington Post, April 16, 2019
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Student Citations at Lancaster County Public Schools Can Have Lasting Consequences, Lancaster News, April 8, 2019
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Students and the Justice System - Collateral Consequences, ACLU of Pennsylvania, July 2019
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School Police and Civil Rights: A Primer for Administrators, Education Week, February 21, 2019
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Race, Discipline, and Safety in US Public Schools, ACLU, 2018
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Does More Policing Make Middle Schools Safer? Brookings, November 8, 2018
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Policy Brief: Patrolling Public Schools: The Impact of Funding for School Police on Student Discipline and Long-term Education Outcomes, Education Research Center The University of Texas at Austin, November 2018
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School Resource Officers: Issues for Congress, Congressional Research Service, July 5, 2018
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Compared to Majority White Schools, Majority Black Schools are More Likely to Have Security Staff, ChildTrends, April 2018
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Schools 'Less Safe for Black and Brown Children,' Civil Rights Advocates Say, Education Week, April 24, 2018
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Arming Teachers and Putting More Armed Cops on Campus Jeopardizes Safety, ACLU, March 26, 2018
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Police in Schools are Not the Answer School Shootings: An Issue Brief, March 2018
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Georgia High School Students Win $3 Million Settlement Against Sheriff, NBC News, November 15, 2017
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Why This Juvenile Court Judge Worries about School Resource Officers, Education Week, October 10, 2017
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Cops Shouldn't Handle Discipline in Washington Schools, KUOW Radio, April 24, 2017
- Kids in Cuffs: Is Security in Schools Going Too Far? (story, and data portal; NBC News investigation, February 20, 2017)
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Policing the Schools: Officers Working With Thousands of Local Students Lack Formal Guidelines, NBC Washington Channel 4, February 22, 2017
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I-Team: Policing the Schools: Minority Students More Likely to Be Suspended or Arrested, NBC New York Channel 4, February 20, 2017
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Off-the-Books Suspensions May Enable Some Schools to Skirt State Law, NBC Boston Channel 10, February 20, 2017
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Policing America’s Schools, Education Week analysis, January 24, 2017
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Rethinking Law Enforcement Officers in Schools, University of Florida Law, 2016
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How America Outlawed Adolescence. At Least 22 States Make it a Crime to Disturb School in Ways that Teenagers are Wired To Do, The Atlantic, October 13, 2016
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It is Time to Get Real About School Policing, Huffington Post, October 5, 2016
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When School Feels Like Prison, The Atlantic, September 12, 2016
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What Happens When Cops Become Hallway Monitors?, Christian Science Monitor, September 6, 2016
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Why are Police Inside Public Schools?, The Conversation, September 6, 2016
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Policing School Police: Officers in the Schools Undermine Public Trust As Much As Those on the Street, The Baltimore Sun, August 14, 2016
- Police in Schools: Arresting Developments, The Economist, January 9, 2016
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The Role of Law Enforcement in Schools, C-Span, November 7, 2015
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The Role of Police Officers in Schools, WHYY Radio, November 3, 2015
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Good Guys' with Guns: How Police Officers Became Fixtures in US schools, The Guardian, October 28, 2015
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Tickets for 10-Year-Olds, Texas Tribune, June 2, 2010
Student Arrest Trends
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Student Arrest Records A ‘Disturbing Mess’ At Illinois School Districts, Illinois Newsroom, September 29, 2020
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Which Pa. Schools Reported the Most Arrests in 2018-19?, PennLive, November 8, 2019
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Florida Officer Fired After Arresting Two 6-Year-Olds At Elementary School, Huffpost, September 23, 2019
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More Than 30,000 Children Under Age 10 Have Been Arrested in the US Since 2013: FBI, ABC News, October 1, 2019
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School Police Operations to Get an Overhaul in Two Big-City Districts EdWeek, July 3, 2019
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Students of Color are More Likely to be Arrested in School. That May Change. the New York Times, June 20, 2019
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Study: Cops in Connecticut Schools Increase Arrests, No Safety Impact, New Haven Register, April 18, 2019
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Collateral Consequences: The Increase in Texas Student Arrests Following the Parkland and Santa Fe Tragedies, Texas Appleseed
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Students with Disabilities are More Likely to Be Restrained or Arrested at School, April 2018, The Mighty
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ACLU Releases New Data on Stockton Unified’s Pattern of Wrongly Arresting Students
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From School to Jail: How Hundreds of Kids Get Arrested in Pittsburgh Schools Every Year, Public Source, July 31, 2017
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Which Students Are Arrested the Most?, 2017, EdWeek (interactive bar graph comparing states)
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Virginia Tops Nation in Sending Students to Cops, Courts: Where Does your State Rank?, April 2015, The Center for Public Integrity
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She Recorded Her Classmate's Arrest, Then Got Arrested, Too, January 2017, EdWeek
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Arrested at School, six part series on police in schools, NBC San Francisco Bay Area
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New Data Show Outsized Police Role and Racial Disparities in School Discipline, plus arrest data for NYC for first and second quarters of 2016
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Student Safety Act Report, New York Civil Liberties Union, 2016
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Jefferson County Public Schools’ (Kentucky) 117 Student Arrests Only Part of Story, September 2016, The Courier-Journal
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ACLU: Over-Policing in Stockton Unified Remains Rampant, with 3,000 Police “Incident Reports” Each Year, plus complaint and settlement in the case
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Student Arrests and Referrals to Police by State [Excel download], 2011-14
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A State-by-State Look at Students Referred to Law Enforcement (by race and disability), 2011-12
Use of Force
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Family of Florida Teen Body-slammed by School Officer Demands His Firing, NBC News, January 29, 2021
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Chicago Police Are Facing a Lawsuit After Video Showed Officers Beating 16-Year-Old, TeenVogue, April 12, 2019
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Video Shows Chicago Officers Punching and Dragging a 16-year-old Girl Down the Stairs, CNN, April 12, 2019
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Amid Post-Parkland Calls for School-Based Police, $500,000 Settlement Gives Critics Reason for Caution, The74Million.org, October 16, 2018
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The Other Side Of School Safety: Students Are Getting Tasered And Beaten By Police, Huffington Post, September 8, 2018
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Ending Excessive Force in Schools, ACLU of Pennsylvania, November 14, 2017
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Police Assault on Black Students in Kentucky Sparks Calls for Reform, ACLU, November 21, 2017
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‘Excessive force’: Judge Rules in Favor of Children Who Were Handcuffed at School, Washington Post, October 17, 2017
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School Police Might Once Again Get Military Equipment Under Trump Policy Reversal, Education Week, August 28, 2017
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Troubled Cops Land Jobs in Georgia Schools, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, May 22, 2017
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Who is Holding Districts and School Police Accountable?, ACLU of Pennsylvania, May 26, 2017
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Violent Woodland Hills Incidents Shed Light on the Role of Law Enforcement in Schools, Pittsburgh City Paper, May 10, 2017
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Video Shows Principal Holding a Student's Head While He's Shocked with a Stun Gun, Attorney Says, The Washington Post, May 4, 2017
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Outrage Over Video Showing Cop Body-Slamming Teen Girl, CBS News, January 4, 2017
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Three Students File Lawsuit Alleging Excessive Use of Force by Abilene ISD School Resource Officer, University of Texas Law School, April 28, 2016
Should School Police be Armed?
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Pittsburgh School Board Votes Against Arming District Police, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, October 24, 2018
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Pittsburgh Public Schools Police Chief Laments Board Decision Not to Arm School Officers, Public Source, October 25, 2018
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Arming Baltimore School Police Might Do More Harm than Good, Baltimore Sun [Editorial], October 5, 2018
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How Likely is Pittsburgh to Arm its School Officers?, Public Source, October 2, 2018
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Don’t Arm School Police: There is No Evidence It Increases Safety, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, March 30, 2017
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Seven Reasons Not to Mandate Armed Officers in Schools, The Urban Institute, April 24, 2013
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School Security Chiefs List Serve Discussion: Armed vs. Unarmed School Security Officers, U.S. Department of Education Office of Safe and Drug‐Free Schools, 2010
Counselors or Cops
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Training Vs. Reality: What School Resource Officers Are Prepared To Handle, Guns and America (article and radio), WUNC, November 15, 2019
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Supporting Pennsylvania Students: The Choice, fact sheet, ACLU of Pennsylvania, February 2019
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What Do Philadelphia’s Students Want? More College Counseling, The Hechinger Report, April 22, 2019
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Cops and No Counselors: How the Lack of School Mental Health Staff Is Harming Students, American Civil Liberties Union, 2019
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Guarding Our Most Precious Resources: Comparing the Staffing of Counselors and Mental Health Professionals to Police in Texas Schools, Texas Appleseed, March 25, 2019
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Race, Discipline, and Safety at U.S. Public Schools, fact sheet, American Civil Liberties Union, 2018
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In Philadelphia, School Police Outnumber Counselors, Philadelphia Public School Notebook, March 16, 2017
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City Schools vs. Suburban Schools, See Where Security Officers Outnumber the Counselors, The 74 Million, March 7, 2017
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US Education in 2017 in 10 Charts, Chart #3: Black Students Are More Likely to Attend Schools With Police and Be Arrested at School, Education Week, December 2017
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Schools With Police But No School Counselors: A Closer Look, see chart 3, Education Week, December 2016