What are the negative impacts of school hardening?

• Protecting Students from Gun Violence. Does "Target Hardening" Do More Harm than Good?, EducationNext, 2019

• Teachers with Guns Won’t Make Our Classrooms Safer. Here’s What Would, Tampa Bay Times, 2019

• For Students of Color at Parkland, More Security Doesn't Mean More Safety, Huffington Post, 2019

• Amid Post-Parkland Calls for School-Based Police, $500,000 Settlement Gives Critics Reason for Caution, The74Million.org, 2018

• The Other Side Of School Safety: Students Are Getting Tasered And Beaten By Police, Huffington Post, 2018​

• Collateral Consequences: The Increase in Texas Student Arrests Following the Parkland and Santa Fe Tragedies, Texas Appleseed, 2018

• The Push for Harsher School Discipline After Parkland, The Atlantic, 2018

• Trump Exploits Parkland Shooting by Trying to Push More Kids Out of School, Salon, 2018

• Civil Rights Groups Sound the Alarm About Safety Plans After Parkland Shooting, Education Week, 2018

• Why the Debate About School Safety and Increased Security May Exacerbate the School-to-Prison Pipeline, Public Source, 2018

• Arming Teachers and Putting More Armed Cops on Campus Jeopardizes Safety, ACLU, 2018

• Conservative Attacks on Discipline Reform Are a Distraction from Meaningful Action to Prevent Gun Violence, Center for American Progress, 2018

• Even 1 School Shooting Is Too Many. But in Our Panic, We’re Missing a Far More Common Problem We Need to Solve, The74million, 2018

• Do Police Officers in Schools Really Make Them Safer, NPR, 2018

• The Latest School Safety Proposals Ignore the Experiences of Students of Color, Vox, 2018

• More Cops In Schools Means More Black Kids In The Criminal Justice System, Huffington Post, 2018

• Rethinking Law Enforcement Officers in Schools, University of Florida Law, 2016

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Has school safety spending worked?

• Schools Have Put Their Money on Security Officers. Is That Smart?, EdWeek, 2022

• Spending on School Security Tops $3 Billion, With Focus on New Surveillance and Tech, EdWeek, 2022

• Where Does Funding for School Resource Officers Come From? Three Federal Programs Explained, National Education Policy Center, 2021

• How Are States Paying for New School Safety Measures?, EdNote, 2019

• The State of School Security Spending: Here’s How States Have Poured $900 Million Into Student Safety Since the Parkland Shooting, The 74 Million, 2018

 

Have strict security measures impacted student success? 

• Schools Should Avoid High-Intensity Live Crisis Drills, article and research paper, American Academy of Pediatrics, 2020

• School Lockdown Drills Pose Particular Challenges (And Risks) for Students with Disabilities, Child Trends, 2020

• What Do We Know About the Effects of School-Based Law Enforcement on School Safety?, Justice and Prevention Research Center, 2018 

• Collateral Consequences - The Increase in Texas Student Arrests Following the Parkland and Santa Fe Tragedies, Texas Appleseed, 2018

• What Does the “Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Act” Mean for Students?, ACLU of Florida

• The Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Act, NAACPLDF, 2018

• New School Safety Bills Could Make Schools Less Safe for Kids, Child Trends, 2018​

• School Safety Toolkit, ACLU of Florida, 2018

• School Policing: What the Research Shows, ACLU of Pennsylvania, 2022

• School Security Measures and Their Impact on Students, National Association of School Psychologists, 2018

• Some School Security Measures Make Kids Feel Less Safe, Reuters Health, 2018

• School Security Considerations After Newtown, Stanford Law Review Online, 2013

• Impacts of Metal Detector Use in Schools: Insights From 15 Years of Research, Journal of School Health, 2011
   

​What do we know about gun violence?

• The Dangers of Linking Gun Violence and Mental Illness, Time, 2019

• School Shootings Focus Defies Statistics on Where Children Die From Gunfire, Juvenile Justice Information Exchange, 2019

• Untangling Gun Violence from Mental Illness, The Atlantic, 2016

• Columbine at 20: How School Shootings Became 'Part of the American Psyche', The Guardian, April 17, 2019

• Student Surveillance Versus Gun Control: The School Safety Discussion We Aren't Having, American Civil Liberties Union, March 4, 2019

• Students' Bill of Rights for Safer Communities, Student Gun Violence Summit, October 19-21, 2018

• The National Conversation on Gun Violence Must Be Intersectional, Elle, June 1, 2018

• Inaction on School Shootings an Indicator of Larger Neglect of Children's Well Being, EdSource, May 21, 2018

• Call for Action to Prevent Gun Violence in America, Interdisciplinary Group on Preventing School and Community Violence, February 28, 2018 [updated May 2022]

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